Vowels स्वर svara
Each vowel has a letter of its own, used at the start of a word and after another vowel. After a consonant a vowel is written as a sign on the consonant instead (that is the Vowel signs lesson). The long vowels mostly add a stroke to the short ones: अ a, आ ā; उ u, ऊ ū.
Short and long
The vowels ṛ, ṝ and ḷ
Long ḹ is left out: it occurs in no word, only in the grammarians' lists.
e, ai, o, au
e and o are always long in Sanskrit, which is why IAST writes them without a macron.
Drill
All 13 items, both ways: Devanāgarī to IAST, then IAST to Devanāgarī. A miss comes back later in the round; the lesson is drilled when every one has been right both ways. Progress is kept in this browser.
Comments
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